Promoting Diversity at Workplaces

Introduction The success of contemporary business institutions lies on the capacity of the businesses to encourage and promote diversity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promoting Diversity at Workplaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business institutions that embrace and emphasise on â€Å"†¦diversity in their working cultures can significantly benefit in a variety of ways, including indirectly improving their bottom line† (Agà ³cs Burr 2004, p. 33). Moreover, organizations that encourage diversity benefit from a motivated workforce, improved productivity and reduced absenteeism. Diversity assists organizations to introduce novel ideas, which help them to identify and exploit emerging business opportunities. Managers have the responsibility of promoting and nurturing diversity in an organization. This paper will discuss the role of managers in promoting diversity at workplaces. Besides, the pape r will discuss how one may promote diversity at workplaces. Role of managers Managers have the role of assessing diversity at workplaces. Combs alleges, â€Å"Managers ought to guarantee that they assess and evaluate organizational diversity, as part of their management responsibilities† (2002, p. 8). Managers are responsible for promoting and encouraging diversity at workplaces by coming up with employee satisfaction strategies that are tailored to the mission, vision and goals of the organization, and that of individual employees. Managers need to identify all the challenges that discourage diversity at workplaces and come up with relevant policies to address the challenges. Besides, managers need to re-evaluate their organizations to confirm if the organization attains the intended diversity (Combs 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from assessing diversi ty, managers have the role of developing a workplace plan that encourages diversity. Human resource managers have the responsibility of coming up with a diversity workplace plan that is measurable, attainable and comprehensive (Goodman 2001). Besides, the managers bear the responsibility of monitoring the diverse workforce to identify the required changes. A diverse workforce is susceptible to employee conflicts due to differing cultural practices. Hence, organizational managers ought to monitor the workforce to identify the potential conflicts and come up with measures to counter the conflicts. Organizational managers are responsible for implementing diversity as outline in the workplace plan. Organizations can hardly benefit from diversity without the managers’ commitment and devotion. Managers have the duty to integrate diversity guidelines into each feature of the business’s objective and function. Stances towards diversity start off from the managers and filter do wnward to other employees (Hannagan 2005). Therefore, it is hard for an organization to embrace diversity if managers have negative stance towards it. Managers’ participation and cooperation are critical to the establishment of a culture that embraces and promotes diversity. Employees can only uphold and support diversity if they are aware of its benefits. Consequently, it is the role of the organizational managers to educate the workforce concerning the benefits of diversity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Promoting Diversity at Workplaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This guarantees that every employee acknowledges the importance of diversity at workplaces. Besides, managers are responsible for â€Å"leading change, fostering desired behaviours, and ensuring that diversity principles are integrated into the operations of the organization† (Hannagan 2005, p. 27). Implementing diversity Employ ee recruitment process plays a critical role in promoting and encouraging diversity at workplaces. Prior to hiring employees, organizations ought to understand their target customers. This would help them to make sure that their workers resemble the target community (Kirton Greene 2004). For organizations to hire workforce that matches the target population, they have to come up with a recruitment strategy that caters for diversity. Managers may liaise with local institutions like cultural institutions, churches, and colleges. These institutions can help an organization to reach job hunters from diverse backgrounds, thus helping in recruiting a diverse workforce. Additionally, an organization may request for referrals from its existing workforce. At times, employees may be aware of qualified individuals who are in need of jobs (Thompson 2003). Hence, liaising with employees may help an organization to reach these individuals and enrich its diverse workforce. Another approach that o rganizations can employ to establish diversity at workplaces is, â€Å"to develop and implement an equal opportunity employment policy† (Kossek, Markel McHugh 2003, p. 331). This would help an organization to â€Å"come up with a meritorious recruiting practice, which is gender, race, minority, and age neutral† (Kossek, Markel McHugh 2003, p. 333).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizational managers may establish a committee to assist in the implementation of the policy and to identify the changes to make in order to promote and encourage diversity. During the recruitment process, organizations ought to structure their job descriptions in ways that attract job hunters from diverse backgrounds. Besides, organizational leaders ought to be culturally receptive when marketing their organizations (Kossek, Markel McHugh 2003). This would help to source employees from varied cultural backgrounds, thus establishing a diverse workforce. Offering diversity training at the workplace would go a long way towards establishing a diverse workforce in an organization. Business institutions have to ensure that all employees appreciate that the institution’s recruitment process aims at hiring the best employees (Lennie 2000). In addition, the recruiting team need to be aware of the merits of hiring a diverse workforce. The recruitment process should be open and tra nsparent. This would avoid chances of some employees being cynical. Cynicism at the workplace may discourage cooperation between employees with diverse cultural background. A quota of the employees may deem others as inferior, thus treating them with contempt. Nevertheless, recruiting all staff in an open and transparent manner would lead to every employee appreciating the role of the other in helping the organization to achieve its goals. Hence, it would promote cooperation among the employees regardless of their cultural background (Lewthwaite 2006). Organizational managers need to give new recruits a reason to stay and devote their energy to the organization. Managers require devoting their energy in keeping new recruits. It is the duty of the organizational managers to ensure that new employees are conversant with organizational culture and new jobs. Managers need to assure the employees that they made the right decision by opting to work with the organization through guaranteei ng them of their future in the organization (Rosenzweig 2004). They can achieve this by educating them about the possible ways of enhancing their skills and advancing. Moreover, organizations can establish mentorship programs to strengthen ties between employees and organizational leaders. This endeavour would help in retaining a diverse workforce. Conclusion Workforce diversity plays a significant role in enhancing organizational success. An organization that has a diverse workforce benefits from a motivated workforce, improved productivity and reduced absenteeism. Organizational managers have the duty to promote diversity at workplaces. They have the role of assessing and implementing a workforce plan that promotes diversity. Organizations need to encourage diversity starting from the recruitment process. They need to come up with recruitment policies that offer equal opportunities to all people regardless of their cultural affiliation. Besides, organizations ought to offer divers ity training to employees and give them a reason to work and stay in the organization. Reference List Agà ³cs, C Burr, C 2004, ‘Employment equity, affirmative action and managing diversity: assessing the differences’, International Journal of Manpower, vol. 17 no. 5, pp.30 – 45. Combs, G 2002, ‘Meeting the leadership challenge of a diverse and pluralistic workplace: Implications of self-efficacy for diversity training’, Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, vol. 8 no. 4, pp. 1-16. Goodman, D 2001, Promoting Diversity and Social Justice: Educating People from Privileged Groups, Sage Publications, Inc., California. Hannagan, T 2005, Management: Concepts and Practices (4th ed.), Prentice Hall, Essex. Kirton, G Greene, A 2004, Dynamics of Managing Diversity (2nd ed.), Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Kossek, E, Markel, K McHugh, P 2003, ‘Increasing diversity as an HRM change strategy’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 16 no. 3, pp. 328 – 352. Lennie, C 2000, ‘Valuing diversity, part 1: Making the most of cultural differences at the workplace’, Personnel, vol. 65 no. 6, pp. 52-60. Lewthwaite, J 2006, Managing People for the First Time: Gaining Commitment and Improving Performance, Thorogood, London. Rosenzweig, P 2004, ‘Managing the new global workforce: fostering diversity, forging consistency’, European Management Journal, vol. 16 no. 6, pp. 644-652. Thompson, N 2003, Promoting Equality: Challenging discrimination and oppression (2nd ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, London. This essay on Promoting Diversity at Workplaces was written and submitted by user Giselle Marsh to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Edouard Manet Essays - French Intervention In Mexico, Douard Manet

Edouard Manet Essays - French Intervention In Mexico, Douard Manet Edouard Manet Edouard Manet To artists, Edouard Manet was seen as a revolutionary who revealed his inner self to radically change the style of painting in the 1900s. Born on January 23, 1832, Manet was forced into studying law by his father, who was a high government official. As the eldest of 3 sons, the famous artist was expected to take up the tradition of work in the field of justice, which had been in the family for generations. However, Manet had a burning desire in his heart as a child, which told him law was not where he should be. When Manet was sixteen, his uncle, a passionate lover of art, noticed his nephews similar interest and got Manet into an art school in Paris called College Rollin. Unfortunately, Manets father was strongly against this idea because he wished Manet to continue studying law. After much feuding, the father and son came to a compromise that Manet would go into the Navy. Yet after only a year at sea Manet was completely miserable and reported back home to continue his education in art despite his fathers wishes. At the age of 18 he entered instruction under Thomas Couture. Manet continued under Coutures instruction but soon became bored with the conventionalism of his teachings and sought something more exciting. That led to travels to Italy where he began creating his masterpieces that changed the history of art. As the style of art began to radically change Manet became the founding father of the impressionistic era. He began taking everyday objects and pulling out of those objects new feelings and creations which provoke thought. With broad strokes Manet used a vivid summary technique. Manet adopted bold brush strokes, and emphasized certain characteristics considered unorthodox realism by the church. Pre-Manet paintings had flat and static qualities. He created a new type of painting that made people think, and made art reviewers and members of society angry and confused. 1 2 Manet painted what he saw as he saw it, not at all the common view. This concept forced onlookers to take new perspectives on things that had been so solid in their minds. Furthermore, Manet introduced astonishing brightness in his paintings and he used stark contrast. Fellow artists picked up on many of Manets styles and he in turn adopted the use of lighter colors and added more emphasis on the effects of light. Manets risk taking paintings created a new modern style for future artists to follow. Among the many Edouard Manet paintings are two rather interesting pieces. One of these is The Absinthe Drinker. Created in 1858-59, the 71- X 41 canvas painting features a drunken man leaning against a wall in a dark corner. As one of the first controversial paintings Manet created, it served as a lead-in into his career that was shunned by the public eye. The painting made no effort to sentimentalize the subject of drinking. The painting is enjoyable because of its simplicity and soft contrast. Manet blends the objects well to create a dark tone that also shades light in the right places. This work now stands in the NY Carlsberg Glypotetek in Copenhagen. Another painting that drew attention to Manets skill is Argenteuil. In this bright depiction of a day at the harbor, one might enjoy Manets bold bright contrast of colors. In his painting, which was created in 1874, Manet uses bold, sharp strokes to make the central objects project more. This piece, noticeably smaller then the previous one, being 57 7/8 X 44 , uses a magnificent blend of colors in oil on canvas. His use of new and different techniques and colors that stand out make this picture notable to the development of the artistic style of the impressionist period. This painting, a pillar of change, hangs in the Bayerische National Gallery in Munich. 3 Manets works inspired the impressionist style, influenced French panting and the general development of modern art. Hailed by young painters as their leader, Manet became the central figure in the dispute between the academic and rebellious art factions of his time. Furthermore, he influenced artists to try and open up new paths for themselves and for all painting. Not only

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Research Paper Example The reconstructive surgeries are usually procedures that usually conducted to correct defects on human body including faces. Some of the known constructive surgeries are conducted on physical birth defects including cleft lips, ear deformities, and traumatic injuries. On the other hand, the cosmetic or the aesthetic procedures are usually conducted to alter different parts of the body are direct and advised by doctors. Some of the surgeries that are conducted of the form include making the breasts larger in what is called augmentation mammoplasty or making smaller in the process called reduction mammoplasty. Nonetheless, perfect surgery usually depends on the qualification of the doctor. The Plastic Surgery Institute of Miami offers diverse plastic surgery services designed as a response to the market demands. The surgeries offered at the institution significantly improve the appearance of people who decide to go through the process. This paper presents a marketing and brand promotio n strategy for the breast surgery procedure at the institute. The procedure enables different women to have their kind of breast appearance that makes them happy. The life of women who undergo through the procedure gets better because of improved appearance and perfect breasts. Message Strategy The plastic strategy procedures provided by the institute targets women aged 18 years and above (Sharma and Raghuvir 174). The institute recognizes that great transformations are ongoing in society that has also altered the perception of people about women’s appearance and the characteristics about perfect breasts. The institute offers tailor made breast surgery procedures that fully transforms the appearance of breasts and meets the needs of women who choose to go for it. Key Consumer Insights The institute offers breast surgery procedures that achieve various goals. The procedure ensures breast augmentation and transforms smaller breasts into significantly sizable ones. The mastopexy   procedure fully lifts sagging breasts and reshapes them to stand still again. This procedure ensures that women can have the perkiness and youthful appearance of breasts. The institute also offers breast reduction procedure that reduces that size and eliminates different marks on the skin around the breast. Message Objective The message seeks to ensure that the institute can escalate the number of women visiting their facility to undergo plastic surgery procedures on their breasts. The message also seeks to position the institute in the marketplace as a leader in breast surgery services with one hundred percent desirable results. Selling Premise The institute provides breast surgery services in ways that meet the client demands and expectations. The client is assured of one hundred percent procedure that transforms their breasts without complications and at significantly reasonable costs. Big Idea The big idea about the plastic surgery procedures at the institution are being off ered by highly skilled professionals. The institute gives potential clients the opportunity to undergo initial medical checkups free of charge. Clients provide a one off payment to the institution without any hidden costs. The significance for the procedures offered at the institute is done in such a way that the feedback from clients to other potential customers escalates the number of clients. The key customer benefits of the breast surgery procedure are in relation to one hundred perce

International business law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International business law - Coursework Example In relation to international business law, law of contract serves as an important element for ensuring fair international trade and transactions. Law of contract is an essential element that aid in protecting the interest of parties involved in an agreement. In this regard, ‘Offer’, ‘Agreement’, ‘Acceptance’, ‘Consideration’ and ‘Intention to create legal relations’ are ascertained to be important element related to law of contract. Correspondingly, this paper intends to discuss about the concept consideration and critically evaluates the two statements regarding consideration (Jenks, 2012). Definition and Explanation of Consideration In relation to the law of contract, the term consideration is understood as a very important element which is required while making a contract. In its simple meaning, the doctrine of consideration is regarded as the principle way of deciding whether an agreement that has resulted from the exchange of offer and acceptance should be legally enforceable. The doctrine of consideration may include a promise for the performance of a particular act and may also consist of statements to refrain from the performance of certain tasks or acts that someone has the legal authority to do. The doctrine of consideration is looked as detriment for the party performing his part of agreement and benefit for the other party. The doctrine of consideration on the other hand, can also be understood as the mode of connection which brings together different parties under a single contract (Jenks, 2012; Wilshart, 2012; Taylor & Taylor, 2007). (a) Consideration Must Be Sufficient but Does Not Have to Be Adequate The above statement i.e. consideration must be sufficient but does not have to be adequate lays broad importance in the overall context of law of contract. It is essential that consideration must be sufficient. This means that what is being put forwarded in the agreement by the parties entering into it must be something which can be recognized as legally capable of constituting consideration. This aspect provides the maximum amount of weightage because consideration is the root to establishment of long term and short term business relationship. Also, the consideration gives birth to the establishment of contract between multiple parties. As consideration is an essential part of a contract, it derives primary importance in the overall context of law and when the contract gets breached in any case it also accounts for punishment. Taking this aspect into concern, it can be stated that the consideration must be sufficient. Therefore, before the establishment of any contract, the primary importance needs to be delivered in making a consideration sufficient. In addition, consideration plays a very important role for the formation of business in the international landscape as well. This factor lays primary importance because in order to form international business chann els, there are various factors that are needed to be taken into concern and consideration between the parties in a contract being the most important (Charman, 2013; Goode & Goode, 2011). If a consideration is sufficient then it will also lead to start up of a contract in an ideal manner. It will lead to proper functioning of a contract in a legalized form. All these aspects combined will lead

Compaer between to company playstation3 and Xbox Essay

Compaer between to company playstation3 and Xbox - Essay Example Its direct competitors in the gaming console markets are PlayStation and Dreamcast and even Nintendo. It is an America based gaming console producing company. Both these companies and the services and the products offered by these companies are quite different from each other. There is tremendous amount of different in the market share of both the gaming consoles. The PlayStation gaming console which was the first PlayStation produced by the Sony Computer Entertainment company sold around 100 million gaming consoles within a period of 9 years and six months since the day it was distributed. The second line of gaming console distributed under the brand name of PlayStation was PlayStation2 was able to ship over 150 million gaming consoles till the period of 2011. The third gaming console that was distributed under the brand umbrella of PlayStation was PlayStation3 which was able to ship over 70 million gaming consoles by 2012 and its distribution started in 2006. In comparison, Xbox was able to sell its only 9.25 million gaming consoles during the period of 2012 and this means that Xbox 360 experienced a decline of 24.8% in the games figure in comparison to the sales figure of 2011 which was 12.3 million gaming consoles (DAngelo 1). The PlayStation is even recognized for the sale of handheld gaming consoles and these gaming consoles are recognized as PSP which have helped PlayStation in positioning itself in a better manner than Xbox as Xbox does not have any handheld gaming consoles. Secondly, PlayStation provides online gaming support through its PlayStation gaming console and an extra console is not required to be purchased to play online. While Xbox even provides online gaming support, but players have to purchase Xbox Live which is an online version of Xbox 360 and is especially designed for online game play. One of the main different between these

Theories of Motivation: Analysis of Maslow and McClelland

Theories of Motivation: Analysis of Maslow and McClelland â€Å"Why are there multiple theories of ‘motivation in organizational behaviour? Discuss this question by including a critical evaluation of two theories of motivation.† The purpose for writing this essay is to describe different motivational theories by concentrating on how managers motivate employees in an industry with a high level of turnover and low levels of motivation. This essay will mainly evaluate Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and McClellands Needs of Achievement theory and it will include other theories to support the argument.   Many organisations face difficulties when trying to motivate their staff to complete a given task. If the employees are motivated the company is likely to be successful and achieve set goals. To be able to understand motivation and the way it works, first we have to understand human nature itself. In some cases this could be a straightforward process however in others it could be very complex. There has to be an effective management and leadership to guide employees through the motivation stages. Many companies believe that pay is the prime motivator, however nowadays people may want to exceed acknowledgment, participation and heightened sense of worth at the workplace. This is where empowerment plays a very important part in a companys progression as it is supported by R.French. â€Å"Empowerment is the process by which managers delegate power to employees to motivate greater responsibility in balancing the achievement of both personal and organisational goals†. (French, R., Rayner, 2008, page page 184) By empowering employees this will make the staff more satisfied, productive and motivated throughout their working hours. Throughout the years many theorists have tried to explain what motivation is by designing theories describing how managers should stimulate their staff. The two approaches to motivation are Content and Progress theories and they were published in 1950s. Content theories explain the specific factors that may stimulate people within the organisation by analysing the individuals needs and trying to assume what can motivate their behaviour. On the other hand a Process theory highlights the thought process by examining how and why individuals decide one action over another at the organisation.   This theory mainly focuses on the persons beliefs and how certain performances will lead to rewards such as pay raise and promotion. While both content and progress theories are central in helping us to understand motivation this essay will focus on the content approach in particular the classic motivational theory of Maslows hierarchy and David McClelland needs for achievement.   Abraham Maslow created the Hierarchy of needs theory in 1940-50s and to this day its still popular with managers. He developed the hierarchy to understand human motivation, management training, and personal development by creating five distinct levels. Maslow designed two main strategies lower order needs and higher order needs. Lower order needs includes Physiological needs (these are the most basic human needs such as food, and water etc) moving one level up is safety needs (which would be need for security, protection and stability). After an individual has exceeded the lower order needs mentioned above, he or she moves on to higher order needs which are Social needs (need for love, affection, relationship with another person), Esteem needs (respect, self esteem, need of esteem from others etc) and after achieving the previous 4 levels the person progresses to the desired level Self actualisation will motivate both employees and employers. (French R, 2009, page160) However with every motivation theory there has always been disadvantages. Maslow himself has been critical about the theory he created and in a statement he said:â€Å"My motivation theory was published 20 years ago and in all that time nobody repeated it, or tested, or really analyzed it or criticised it. They just used it, swallowed it whole with only the minor modification† (Wilson, F.M 2004, page 146) In approaching this problem Maslows work has faced a great deal of criticism to whether or not the concepts are different depending on culture. In countries such as Japan and Greece lower order needs such as security motivates employees to work harder more than self actualisation. (R. Rayner, 2009, page 162). Unfortunately those countries have lower employment opportunities; therefore residents mainly focus on security needs rather than self actualisation. Whereas some managerial companies disregard the lower order needs and go directly to higher order needs such self esteem and self actualisation. â€Å"Hall and Nougaim have found that as managers advanced, safety needs became less important while higher order needs were more important but this could be explained by a process of career change and advancement†. Wilson, F.M (2004, page 147) The above two statements suggest that people do not follow the traditional process of the hierarchy. Maslow believes that individuals are motivated by unmet needs which are in a hierarchical order; people have to keep moving up the hierarchy in order to succeed, this method has not been followed due to cultural difference and managerial configuration. Touching onto Alderfers ERG theory he argues that Maslows theory is not flexible and as a result of this people may become frustrated as they are not able to move to the next stage. Alderfer has minimized Maslows 5 stages into 3 levels: existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs.   This theory is more flexible as people can downgrade a level if they cant achieve the higher stage. After having evaluated Maslows hierarchy theory, this essay will now focus on McClelland need for achievement theory. Peoples needs keep changing as well as their career occupations. Some seek the need for achievement as a way of motivating themselves at the workplace. Over the years this observable fact has fascinated David McClelland. After spending 20 years studying at Harvard University McClelland and his associates tried to identify the urge to achieve. They began a long research using Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) as an evaluation of individual needs of different people. This is a technique that asks people to develop a spontaneous story for each photo. David McClelland used the feedback from people and collected data and facts on motivation. After a series of tests using the TATs technique, David McClelland was able to identify three needs, which he believes are important in understanding human motivation and behaviour. These are; the need for achievement (nAch), need for affiliation (nAff) and need for power (nPower). Need for achievement is concentrating on those individuals who seek to excel and therefore tend to avoid low and high risks situations. They have a desire to achieve something superior and get to the bottom of problems as well as completing difficult tasks. They need regular feedback from managers in order to view their progress of their achievement. On the other hand need for affiliation is about creating harmonious connections with other individuals. This group of people may perform well in customer service and consumer interactions situations. Last of David McClelland needs is need for power, this assemblage of people are mainly focused on taking control over others, manage their behaviour or be in charge. Like Maslows Hierarchy theory, David McClellands acquired needs theory has its disadvantages and criticism from other theorists. Erikson proposes that ‘The need to achieve is a behaviour that is only acquired and developed during early childhood therefore if its not mastered at an early stage it cannot be achieved in adult life. French, R. Rayner C, Rees. G, Rumbles.S, Organisational Behaviour, 2009 However on the other hand McClelland argues that the need to achieve is behaviour and it can be done through training in adulthood Ref: R, French, Organisational Behaviour, 2009, page 164 McClelland has already put into practice training in countries such as Kakinda and India and taught people to think, talk and act as high achievers. Other critics have disagree with the influencing attributes of entrepreneurs are dominant. High needs of achievement individuals are continuously competing with standards of excellence. Further, they are involved with tasks of moderate difficulty. ‘The argument that need for achievement is the dominant motive disposition for entrepreneurs may be in conflict then with other research (Langan- Fox and Roth 1995) Wilson, F.M (2004). Organisational behaviour and work. Oxford University press, page146 (Lowry 1982:63) TAT test was also criticised by organisations due to the length of the examination and the complexity in conducting it. Taking an overlook at the most well know motivational theories, I have been overwhelmed by the demand and expectations each author expects from the individuals. Theorists such as Maslow believe that individuals are motivated by unmet needs which are in a hierarchical order; people have to keep moving up the hierarchy in order to succeed.   Whereas Herzberg states that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not on the same range. He believes motivation can cause satisfaction or no satisfaction, as well as hygiene factors can cause dissatisfaction when absent and no dissatisfaction when present. McClellands need for achievement takes it future as he underlies Maslows Hierarch theory self-actualization. However McGregors Theory Y equals much of Maslows self-actualization level of motivation. His theory focuses on self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Reward systems are an important factor when managers want to motive their staff.   I believe that fulfilling extrinsic aims is a very common method used to motivate individuals at their work place. Managers can not follow just one of the above theories as each individual has different ways in which they are motivated. I believe that motivation cannot be forced onto an employee; it has to come within them. If a certain person does not enjoy their work environment it will be impossible for them to be motivated. Over the years theorists have tried to create a theory to accommodate the needs both employers and employees, therefore at the present time we have a huge variety of motivational theories to choose from. Having closely looked at Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and McClellands acquired needs theory ,I have come to a conclusion that both theories demonstrate peoples motivation needs, however this a complex process because most individuals are not aware of their motives, their needs and expectations keep chancing.   Each of the above theories has its advantages as well as disadvantages; its up to the individual to choose which one of them works best.

The A Bomb :: essays research papers

The Atomic Bomb The first atomic bomb was tested on July 16,1945 at Alamogordo, New Mexico and was developed, constructed and tested by the Manhattan Project. The new device represented a completely new type of explosion. All explosives before this time got their power for the rapid burning of a chemical compound like gunpowder. These bombs could only do a limited amount of damage. This new group of nuclear explosives involved getting energy sources from within the nucleus of the atom. The Atomic bomb gained its power from the fission of all of the atomic nuclei in several kilos of uranium. A Ball about the size of a baseball made an explosion equal to about 20,000 tons of TNT. An atomic bomb can also be called a fission bomb because it uses fission to release the nuclear power from the fuel. The fuel is usually either Uranium-235 or plutomium-239. Uranium-235 has an extra property that makes it useful for both nuclear power production and for nuclear bombs - it is one of the few materials that can undergo induced fission. If a neutron runs into a Uranium nucleus, the nucleus will absorb the neutron, become unstable and split immediately. As soon as the nucleus captures the neutron, it splits into two lighter atoms and throws off 2 or 3 new neutrons. These neutrons then hit other uranium atoms and a chain reaction is started. An incredible amount of energy is released, in the form of heat and gamma radiation. In order for these properties of U-235 to work, a sample of uranium must be enriched. Weapons-grade uranium is composed of 90% or more U-235. In a fission bomb, the fuel must be kept in small and separate masses. These must be small enough to not support fission otherwise the bomb could explode before it is meant to. These masses are called subcritical masses. Critical mass is the minimum amount of fissionable material needed to keep a nuclear fission reaction going. Because the masses are separate there had to be ways to bring them together to detonate the bomb. There are two ways to detonate an atomic bomb. The first is the gun-triggered device and the second is the implosion device. In both of these types, neutrons had to be introduced to start the fission. This was done by making a little neutron generator out of a small pellet of polonium and beryllium, separated by foil.

Process of Learning Essay

Learning is an invisible process in which the behaviour is modified in order to attain certain goals. It is a process in which an individual acquires and develops knowledge, understanding, skills, interests and attitude that are necessary to meet life’s situations. This paper briefly analyzes the process of learning. Introduction â€Å"Learning is the insatiable curiosity that drives the adolescent boy to absorb everything he can see or hear or read about gasoline engines in order to improve the efficiency and speed of his ‘cruiser’† (Mark K. Smith). Learning can be considered as a product and also a process. It is the end product of the various experiences we come across in our life. At the same time it is a continuous never ending process as well. Even from the birth day itself the learning process starts. Learning and Behaviour Learning is observable through the behaviours of a person. An observable change in behaviour can be witnessed after a person learned something. For example, we know that small kids do not know much about the dangers of fire and they will be usually attracted towards fire. But once if they happened to come in contact with fire, they will experience the burning effect of fire and will never play with fire again. In this case we can say that the child learned to behave properly with fire and we can observe Process of Learning 3 the changes in behaviour of the child before and after experience with fire. So we can conclude that learning is characterised by change in behaviour. Behaviorism, as a learning theory, can be traced back to Aristotle, whose essay â€Å"Memory† focused on associations being made between events such as lightning and thunder. The theory of behaviorism concentrates on the study of overt behaviors that can be observed and measured (Good & Brophy, 1990). It views the mind as a â€Å"black box† in the sense that response to stimulus can be observed quantitatively, totally ignoring the possibility of thought processes occurring in the mind. Some key players in the development of the behaviorist theory were Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike and Skinner. (Brenda Mergel) (James Atherton) Process of Learning 4 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was the first to conduct experiments to study how learning and behaviour are connected. The experiment was performed on a dog. He started to give food to his dog after ringing a buzzer. The experiment was repeated for 7 days and after 7 days he started to ring the buzzer alone and did not give any food to the dog. Still he found that the dog secreted saliva in the same measure as before. â€Å"Because a bell consistently rang before food appeared, Pavlov’s dog learned to salivate at the mere ringing of the bell; this is a conditioned response. † (Michael g. Maxwell) So it is clear that our learning and behaviours are interconnected. Learning and Thinking â€Å"Learning implies the acquisition of knowledge from experience, while thinking involves the conscious processing and use of knowledge. † (Michael g. Maxwell) Learning has definite connection with thinking as well. Nobody can say that he has learned something without thinking. For example, we know that lightning and thunder, both occurs at the same time. But we have seen the lights of lightning first before hearing the thunder sound. Though we have learned that both lightning and thunder occurred at the same time, in order to explain the delay of thunder in reaching us, we must think in terms of the velocity of sound and velocity of light. Only after we thought about the velocity differences, we can say that we have learned thunder and lightning properly. So learning definitely leads to thinking which may lead to the modification of behaviours Process of Learning 5 Behaviour and Thinking in terms of learning Learning leads to thinking. Thinking leads us to arrive at conclusions which will force us to change our behaviours. So in that sense both thinking and behaviour are interlinked with each other. Without thinking, no behavioural changes can happen. Same way without learning, no thinking can take place. For example, everybody knows that smoking is injurious to health. If a smoker, happens to meet a person who is suffering from cancer because of his smoking habit, may think about the consequences of his smoking habits and hence times he may change his smoking behaviour. Thus we can conclude that both the learning theories with respect to thinking and behaviour are connected to each other. Conclusion Learning is a complex process which stimulates thinking which will be resulted in the modification of behaviours. Learning is a continuous process which starts from birth and ends at death. It can be considered as a process and a product. Process of Learning 6 References 1. Mark K. Smith (1999, 2003), learning theory, Retrieved on February 8, 2009 http://www. infed. org/biblio/b-learn. htm 2. Brenda Mergel, Instructional Design & Learning Theory, Retrieved on February 8, 2009, http://www. usask. ca/education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda. htm 3. Michael g. Maxwell, Learning and thinking: what science tells us about teaching Retrieved on February 8, 2009, http://www. studentsfriend. com/onhist/learning. html 4. James Atherton, Behaviourism, Retrieved on February 8, 2009, http://www. learningandteaching. info/learning/behaviour. htm

Australian Constitutional Crisis of 1975 essays

Australian Constitutional Crisis of 1975 essays Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 I will never forget that day, 11 November 1975 to be exact. To me it is a day of rememberance. This whole contraversial issue began when the the Senate blocked a bill that appropriated funds for the payment of government expenditure, with the goal of forcing the Government to call a lower-house election. Such action was unprecedented in Australian Federal politics. My party ignored such calls, and attempted to pressure Liberal senators to support the bill and also explored alternative means to fund government expenditure. On October 14: Minerals and Energy Minister, Rex Connor, resigns after being shown to have misled Parliament over ongoing negotiations for overseas loans with Tirath Khemlani. He is replaced by Paul Keating. On October 15: Every metropolitan newspaper in Australia calls on the Government to resign. Fraser announces that the Senate will delay the two money bills until Whitlam calls an election. On October 16: The Senate blocks the money bills, whilst the House of Representatives passes a motion of confidence in the government. On October 16-November 8: The Parliament debates the constitutional crisis, with the House consistently reaffirming its confidence in the government. Both sides of politics conduct rallies around the country. Public opinion polls show a swing to the government. The Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, speaks with both me and Fraser on a number of occasions. On November 10: The Chief Justice of the High Court, Sir Garfield Barwick, a former Liberal Government minister, sees the Governor-General. Later, he gives Kerr a letter that the Governor-General releases the next day to support his decision. On November 11: the Governor-General of Australia dismissed me from my leader ship and appointed the Opposition Leader, Malcolm Fraser, as the care-taker Prime Minister on the conditions that Fraser would call for a general election. ...

buy custom The Company Database essay

buy custom The Company Database essay The company database should include the below information and tables that have to be included. The specific information should seek to indentify a specific aspect in the company. Tables are listed for clarity before designing a database so that the designer may have a clear view of the information required to be included in the data base (Davis, 2010). Below is a set of tables with the relevant information for each table Company table Information to be included in the data base tables - The companys name - The city that the company is situated in Suppliers table - The names of each supplier - The city of each supplier Purchases table - The name of the company doing the purchases - the purchase date of the transaction - The number of items bought by each company or client - The date of each transaction Employee table - The name of each employee - The ID of each employee - City of each employee - Sex of each employee - Data of birth of each employee Departmental table - The ID of the department - The name of the company Perimeters to a database are included to restrict access to such database for parties tat are not required to access private information or those who do not have permission to access the database according to Moody Shanks (2002), such perimeters for access should be defined to allow only the intended party to log on or affect any change in the data base. An example of these perimeter conditions is as follows. Logon credentials Contact name User Name Security R Logon status The last logo Eg. Steve Jones Jones01 Administrator Active 10/06/09 6:03PM Group table administrator Manager Standard Restricted Browse Create or edit group Delete My groups Delete Other users groups Create/delete/edit my activities Custom activity management Manage my resources Update my activities Manage my priority list Buy custom The Company Database essay

Unemployment in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Unemployment in the UK - Essay Example To understand more about the unemployment in the United Kingdom, it is of vital importance to elaborate the different types of unemployment. The types of unemployment indicate the causes of unemployment in any country. There could be many reasons or causes for the unemployment. In this paper, the causes and types relevant to the unemployment in the UK are discussed. Below are three common types of unemployment: Cyclical/Keynesian or Deficient-Demand Unemployment: This type of unemployment is associated with the Gross Domestic Production (GDP). In this type of unemployment, the rate of unemployment goes up when the GDP goes negative. Seasonal Unemployment: As obvious with the name, the seasonal unemployment refers to the seasonal opportunities. As the businesses related to the hotel reservation have some peak seasons. Their businesses are at peak in vacation months like December. February is mostly their off season. Hidden Unemployment: People get frustrated when they constantly struggle to get jobs but unfortunately, they fail to obtain suitable positions. After some time, frustration makes them hopeless and government do not really count them so they are not reflected in the statistics. Such state refers to the hidden unemployment phase. The claimant count and the labor force survey are the most successful and accurate ways to measure unemployment (Gillespie, 2007, pp.347-60). The claimant count refers to the number of applicant applying for the Jobseeker’s Allowance. However, it is not possible that all clamant applicants get successful. Due to the rigid requirements, one can fail to claim. Such applicants cannot be reflected in the total claimant count therefore, it is necessary not to just rely on this record. Another way to measure unemployment is the labor force count (Worswick, 1991, p.15). This way is quite reliable than the first one, only because this way, interviews with the help of people in measuring individuals who wish to do some

Case study p565 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case study p565 - Essay Example The risk associated with oral health includes xerostomia, sipping coffee, and minor diabetes. On the next appointment, the selected patient brought back the 24-hour recall food diary without mentioning specific foods so as not to create a bias. â€Å"The caries promotion potential of diet â€Å"calculated was eight, which considered a moderated risk for caries. For xerostomia patients, this understanding could be significant if it comes from intake of drugs and undergoing treatment. If a patient has a mouth that is dry, they would be prone to damages of the tongue and a risk of dental caries infection. Base on the dental charting, the patient has an obligation to ensure that she maintains good health for her dental structure. More so, the O’Leary score was low. Another health concern in dental caries was using of hard brush wrongly. Application of much energy when brushing using hard brush may result to fractures in the gums and teeth. The doctor instructed the patient to switch to chewing sugar free gum and take water that has fluoride. Fluoridated water does not only maintain the health of a patient’s teeth but can also ensure that the patient does not suffer from having a dry mouth. The doctor recommended â€Å"Nutrition and your Oral Health† and â€Å"Caries Risk† pamphlets for the patient to get more information about dental health. On the third appointment, the patient acknowledged the doctor’s recommendation during the previous appointments. She had started chewing sugar free gum and enhanced on the intake of water every day. This nutritional counseling project is essential to me as a learner because I realized that every case is different. The recommendation resulted from what the patient needed and was a modified base on scientific evidence. It motivated the patient and enhanced her dental